1. preprocessing operation management
grille
1. the determination of the number of grille workstations can be made by the flow meters and water level meters set in the front of the sewage treatment plant to know the discharge of sewage into the sewage treatment plant and the water depth in the canal. then the relationship between the amount of sewage inflow designed according to the design recommendation or operation rules and the grille work can be determined to determine the number of grilles put into operation. the number of grids that can be put into operation can also be determined by calculating the optimum gate speed.
2. when does the grille cleaner clean dirt every day, the liquid level difference in front of the grille is mainly used to control it, and when necessary, it is combined with the start-stop mode to control it. no matter what method is adopted, the staff on duty should inspect frequently. the amount of grid slag accumulated by manual starting and stopping depends on many factors. when the amount of grid slag is large in a day, january or mid-year, the management personnel should pay attention to groping and summarizing, so as to improve the operation efficiency. in addition, it is necessary to strengthen patrol and find out the fault of grille decontaminator in time, press and clear the grille residue in time, and do a good job of ventilation between grilles.
3. regular inspection of channel sand deposition due to slowing down of sewage flow rate, or the increase of channel roughness, grille before and after the channel may accumulate sand, should regularly check and clean up sand, or repair channels.
4. the weight or capacity of the daily grid slag should be measured and the normal operation of the grid should be judged by the change of the grid slag.
sewage pumping station
1. operation and dispatch of pump units sewage treatment plant usually does not set up a regulating pool before entering the pump house. in order to ensure that the pumping capacity is consistent with the water inflow, the operation and dispatch of pump units should pay attention to the following items:
(1) make the best use of the combination of large and small pumps to meet the water volume, not by the valve to regulate, to reduce the loss of pipe head, energy saving and consumption reduction;
(2) to maintain the high water level of the sump, the lifting head can be reduced.
(3) the number of pumps should not be too frequent.
(4) the number and time of operation of each pump should be basically uniform.
2. pay attention to the changes of various instrument pointers such as vacuum meter, pressure gauge, ammeter, bearing thermometer, oil level meter. if the pointer is biased or beat, we should find out the cause and solve it in time.
(1) the maintenance of the sump is slowed down by the velocity of the sewage and the sediment may sink to the bottom of the sump. attention should be paid to personal safety when cleaning regularly. before the pond is cleared, the exhaust should be first forced to meet the requirements prescribed by the safety department. a certain amount of ventilation should still be maintained after the lower pool. the working time of each operator under the pool should not exceed 30min.
(2) the contents that should be recorded in each shift are: the display value of the main instruments, the number of pumps in operation in each period, the abnormal situation and its treatment results.
two. operation and management of the first sedimentation tank.
1. operators should observe and record the growth of alum in the reaction tank, and compare it with the previous records. if anomalies are found, the causes should be analyzed in time and corresponding countermeasures should be taken. for example, at the end of the reaction pool, the alum granules are small and the water is turbid. it is not easy to precipitate, indicating that coagulant dosing is not enough. if the alum particles at the end of the reaction pool are large but very loose, the effluent of the sedimentation pool is very clear, but there is a large amount of alum in the effluent, which shows that the coagulant dosage is too large, so that the alum particles grow abnormally, but not compact, not easy to precipitate.
2, the operation management personnel should strengthen the inspection of the incoming sewage quality and regularly carry out the beaker stirring test. the optimum coagulation conditions were determined by changing the types of coagulants or coagulants, the dosage of coagulants and the stirring intensity of the mixing process. for example, when the amount of water or ss concentration in water changes, the dosage of coagulant should be adjusted appropriately; when the temperature or ph value of inflow sewage changes, coagulant or coagulant aid can be changed to improve coagulation effect; when the content of organic colloid particles changes, coagulant or coagulant aid should also be adjusted in time.
3. when adopting mechanical mixing mode, the stirring gradient (g) in the mixing zone should be measured and calculated periodically to adjust the rotational speed of the stirring equipment or to adjust the inflow water when it is used to calculate the problem. when mixing in pipeline or static mixer, the mixing strength will be insufficient because of the decrease of flow rate and velocity. for other types of non-mechanical mixing mode, there are similar cases, at this time should be strengthened to run the reasonable scheduling, as far as possible to ensure that there is sufficient flow rate in the mixing zone. for a hydraulic flocculation reactor, the flow rate should be adjusted by adjusting the flow rate.
4. the sludge in the flocculation reactor should be removed regularly to avoid the reduction of the volume of the reaction zone, and the increase of the flow rate in the reactor shortens the reaction time and leads to the decrease of the coagulation effect.
5. a large amount of mud accumulated between the end of the reaction tank and the inlet water distribution wall of the sedimentation tank will block part of the water distribution orifice, make the orifice flow rate too high, break the alum, and precipitate difficultly. at this point, the mud should be stopped.
6, sedimentation tank should be reasonable to determine the number of sludge discharge and sludge discharge time, operators should promptly and accurately discharge sludge. otherwise, a large amount of sludge will be accumulated in the sedimentation tank, which will reduce the effective tank capacity and make the flow velocity in the sedimentation tank too large.
7, inspection should be strengthened to ensure that the weir of sedimentation tank is leveled. otherwise, the uneven flow of sedimentation tank causes short flow in the tank, which will destroy the precipitation effect of alum. 8. the operation status of mixing and reacting sludge discharging or dosing equipment should be observed frequently, and maintenance should be carried out in time, and the equipment should be replaced and repaired in time when failure occurs.
9, regularly clean the dosing equipment, keep it clean and clean; regularly clean the wall of the pond to prevent algae growth.
10, regularly calibrate dosing facilities, and replace them if necessary, so as to ensure accurate measurement.
11. strengthen stock reagents.
12. strictly enforce the hygiene and safety system when dispensing medicines, and take rubber gloves and other labor protection measures.
13, do well in analysis, measurement and recording.
three. operation and management of biochemical aeration tank and two sedimentation tank.
1. check and adjust the water distribution system of aeration tank and the distribution system of reflux sludge regularly to ensure the uniformity of sewage and sludge between different series or pools.
2. the static sedimentation velocity, sv and svi of the mixed liquor in the aeration tank were often observed. if the activated sludge bulked, the following reasons were found: too little organic matter in the inflow sewage, too low f/m load in the aeration tank, insufficient nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in the inflow sewage, low ph value was not conducive to the growth of bacterial micelles; the do of the mixed liquor was too low; high and so on. and take timely measures to control sludge bulking.
3. frequently observe the occurrence of foam in aeration tank, judge the cause of abnormal increase of foam, and take timely measures to deal with it.
4, timely scavenging part of the scum floating outside the corner of the aeration tank.
5. regularly check the aeration efficiency of the air diffuser, judge whether the air diffuser is blocked, and clean it in time. 6. pay attention to observe the level of the aeration tank toss, check whether there is air diffuser blockage or fall off, and timely replacement.
7. measure do of mixing liquid of aeration tank every shift, and adjust oxygen content of aeration system in time, or set up air supply automatic regulation system. 8, pay attention to the damage of the aeration tank guardrail and replace or repair it in time.
9. when the groundwater level is high or the aeration tank or the secondary sedimentation tank is emptied, attention should be paid to precipitation before emptying, so as to avoid the floating pool.
10. check and adjust the water distribution facilities of the two sedimentation tanks regularly, so that the mixing liquid entering the pools is uniform.
11. regularly check and adjust the smoothness of the outlet weir plate to prevent uneven and short flow of water, and timely remove the scum hanging on the outlet weir plate.
12. check the dross and slag discharge regularly and wash the dross bucket with water.
13, timely remove the biofilm from the water tank.
14. it often detects whether the water takes away tiny sludge flocs, resulting in the abnormal loss of sludge. to judge whether there are the following reasons for abnormal sludge loss: sludge load is low and excessive aeration, toxic substance concentration in the inflow sewage suddenly rises, bacterial poisoning, sludge activity decreases and flocculation, and take appropriate measures to solve in time.
15, often observe the two sink pool level to see whether there is pollution floating phenomenon. if the local sludge bulk floats and the sludge smells black, there is dead zone in the secondary sedimentation tank; if many sludge bulk floats and the above situation is different, the do of the aeration tank mixture is low, and the sludge in the secondary sedimentation tank is denitrified. measures should be taken in time to avoid affecting the effluent quality.
16. generally, the secondary sedimentation tank should be emptied once a year for overhaul, to check whether the underwater equipment, pipelines, pool bottom and equipment are abnormal, and timely repair.
17. do a good job of analysis, measurement and recording of each shift should be tested items: aeration mixture sv and do (when conditions are hourly or on-line detection of do). daily items should be measured: in and out of the sewage flow q, aeration or aerator operation number and status, return sludge, sludge discharge; water quality indicators: codcr, bod5, ss, ph value; sewage water temperature; activated sludge biological phase. definite indicators should be calculated daily or weekly: sludge load f/m, sludge reflux ratio, surface hydraulic load and solid load of secondary sedimentation tank, hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time.
four. operation and management of disinfection system
1. the ultraviolet disinfection system is composed of several independent exterior lamp modules, and the flow of water depends on gravity, without the need for pumps, pipes and valves.
2. the arrangement of lamp tube requires that the arrangement direction of the lamp tube should be in line with the direction of water flow, and that all the lamp tubes should be parallel to each other and the spacing should be consistent. the arrangement of the lamp tube with the direction of water flow perpendicular to the axial direction should not be adopted.
3. all lamp and lamp electrodes shall be completely immersed in sewage, and the positive and negative poles shall be naturally cooled by sewage to ensure that they work at the same temperature.
4, the absolute guarantee to ensure effective isolation of uv radiation from operators.
5. the core technology of ultraviolet disinfection technology, such as lamp-tube equipment and quartz sleeve sealing, has been constantly improved. the operation and maintenance of ultraviolet disinfection equipment is simple. ultraviolet disinfection lamp tube can work continuously for several months (5 months) without biological deposition, scaling and solid deposition, reducing the burden of equipment maintenance.
6. only ultraviolet rays with wavelengths from 253 nm to 260 nm have strong disinfection effect, while ultraviolet rays at other wavelengths do not have effective disinfection effect. therefore, the technical requirements for manufacturing lamp-tube equipment are very high.
7. the disinfection effect of ultraviolet radiation is proportional to the dose of uv-c. too low dosage of ultraviolet radiation has poor disinfection effect on microorganisms, and there are repair phenomena (light repair and dark repair), but if the dose of ultraviolet radiation is too high, it will cause waste. therefore, it is very important to reasonably control the dosage of ultraviolet radiation. when water pollution is temporarily aggravated, the disinfection effect can be improved by reducing the flow rate and prolonging the uv irradiation time, and vice versa.
8. the organisms, minerals and suspended solids in the water can easily accumulate on the surface of the lamp sleeve, which affects the ultraviolet light transmission and the disinfection effect of uv-c. therefore, special additional mechanical equipment is needed to regularly clean the lamp bushing.
9. water color, turbidity, organic matter, iron and other impurities will absorb ultraviolet light and reduce the intensity of ultraviolet light transmission, thus affecting the disinfection effect of ultraviolet light. therefore, before the sewage enters the ultraviolet disinfector, other pretreatment equipment is needed to improve the disinfection effect of the ultraviolet disinfector.
